Historically known as Yazhou, human habitation of the Sanya area dates back 10,000 years. In March 1992, ancient relics were found in and around Luobi Cave in Lizhigou Town near Sanya City. In addition, groups of ancient Persian tombs are located along the coast. Under Chinese Emperor Qingshihuang (221 BC), three counties were established in the south, one of which was Yazhou, or Xiangjun County. During the Tang Dynasty, emperors banished rebel officers to the area, which became known as the "End of the Earth" due to its remoteness in relation to the nation's capital.

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